When is it OK to use students' L1 in the English Classroom?

- The use of a student’s native language (L1) in the ESL classroom is a controversial subject. While some teachers encourage the use of L1, others argue it has negative effects on students’ English learning experience.

- It is important to consider the limitations of using L1 in the ESL classroom. The most common restriction is that students must not be allowed to default to their native language when they are struggling with an English concept, or when they reach a difficult part in a lesson. Instead, the teacher should challenge the students by prompting them to think in English, and provide support and guidance when needed.

- Using L1 in the ESL classroom should also be limited to specific activities. For example, it can be beneficial to ask students to give explanations of ideas and concepts in their native language, as it can provide more clarity and understanding of the concept. However, the amount of time spent speaking in L1 should be limited, as too much L1 can be detrimental to students’ English skills.

- In addition, teachers should be mindful of the fact that not all students have the same level of proficiency in their native language. It is important to consider students’ individual needs and ability to use their L1. In some cases, using L1 can be beneficial for students who are just beginning to learn English, as it can provide a feeling of security, and it can be used as a bridge to understanding unfamiliar English concepts.

- In conclusion, the use of L1 in the ESL classroom can be beneficial in certain cases, but there are some important restrictions to consider. It should only be used when necessary, and it should not be the primary language used in class. Teachers should also be mindful of the different levels of proficiency in the students’ native language.

- You can watch this video from Cambridge University Press ELT on YouTube about the use of L1 in the classroom:
https://youtu.be/jCRP1Y_-vt4

- You can read the whole Cambridge Paper by by Philip Kerr here:
https://www.cambridge.org/ai/files/6315/7488/4318/CambridgePapersInELT_UseOfL1_2019_ONLINE-2.pdf

- You can also read more about the Pros and Cons of using L1 in ESL Classroom on this link:
https://ontesol.com/blog/how-to-teach-english/l1-in-the-esl-classroom/using-the-mother-tongue-in-the-english-language-classroom/